Maternal-Fetal Attachment In Pregnant Women Research Articles

Husband's Support, Anxiety and Maternal-Fetal Attachment in Pregnant Women: a Scoping Review

Husband's Support, Anxiety and Maternal-Fetal Attachment in Pregnant Women: a Scoping Review

Factors influencing maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread widely throughout the world, causing psychological problems such as fear, anxiety, and stress. During the COVID-19 pandemic, pregnant women have been concerned about both their own health and the health of their fetuses, and these concerns could negatively affect maternal-fetal attachment. Thus, this study aimed to explore the level of COVID-19 stress, resilience, and maternal-fetal attachment among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify factors influencing maternal-fetal attachment. In total, 118 pregnant women past 20 weeks gestation were recruited from two maternity clinics in Daegu, Korea, to participate in this descriptive correlational study during COVID-19. The factors influencing maternal-fetal attachment were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The mean scores for COVID-19 stress, resilience, and maternal-fetal attachment were 57.18±10.32 out of 84, 67.32±15.09 out of 100, and 77.23±9.00 out of 96, respectively. Nulliparous pregnant women reported greater maternal-fetal attachment than multiparous pregnant women (p=.003). Religious pregnant women also reported greater maternal-fetal attachment than non-religious pregnant women (p=.039). Resilience (β=.29, p=.002), COVID-19 stress (β=.20, p=.030) and parity (β=-.17, p=.047) were factors influencing maternal-fetal attachment, and these factors explained 26.4% of the variance in maternal-fetal attachment (F=10.12, p<.001). Converse to common sense, COVID-19 stress exerted a positive influence on maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare providers need to recognize the positive influence of COVID-19 stress and implement intervention strategies to strengthen resilience in pregnant women to improve maternal-fetal attachment.

Effect of couples' online training on maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women.

Due to the importance of maternal fetal attachment (MFA) in women mental health improvement and considering the fathers' role in MFA promoting, this study conducted to investigate the effect of couple education on maternal fetal attachment. This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 100 pregnant women and their husbands referred to six health centers in Sari from May to June 2021. The sampling method was stratified random sampling. Data collection tools included demographic information form and the Cranley MFA Scale with 24 questions. The intervention group took part in four session's weekly training about spouse support, attachment behaviors, and gender preference of parents, while the control group received only the routine antenatal care. Both groups completed Cranley's questionnaire before and 4 weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, paired and independent t-test by SPSS 21. MFA mean scores, pre-training and post-training in intervention group were 3.27 (0.54) and 3.75 (0.42), respectively; in the control group, were, 3.24 (0.49) and 3.21 (0.48). There was a significant difference between the two groups' MFA mean scores after intervention (P < 0.001). The findings of this study revealed that couple training regarding spouse support, attachment behaviors, and gender preference during pregnancy can promotes MFA even online training.

임부의 임신스트레스와 사회적 지지가 태아애착에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of pregnancy stress and social support on maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women. The subjects of this study were 156 pregnant women in their second or third trimester aged 19 years or older who visited the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of S General Hospital and K Women's Hospital in C city for prenatal care. Data were collected from July 22 to August 31, 2019. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson Correlation, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 26.0 program. Factors that affect maternal-fetal attachment include friend support, Taegyo, gestational period (third trimester), support from special person, and current health status. The explanation power was 31.5% (F=12.88, p&lt;.001). Our study shows that social support plays a significant role in maternal-fetal attachment. For better maternal-fetal attachment, it is important to pay attention to the support from friends and special persons, Taegyo, and the health status of the pregnant women. The results of this study will serve as basic data for the development of strategies for improving fetal attachment in pregnant women.&#x0D;

Antenatal mind-mindedness and its relationship to maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women

In this study, researchers aimed to investigate whether a relationship exists between maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) and antenatal mind-mindedness in a sample of Australian pregnant women (n = 43). Participants completed the Maternal Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS) in their second and third trimester, and a modified ‘describe your baby’ interview with the inclusion of general prompts as a measure of antenatal mind-mindedness in their third trimester. Positive correlations were observed between mental comments, but not total predictions, made by women during the modified antenatal mind-mindedness task and MFAS scores at the second and third trimesters. An average of 6.07 total predictions and 1.30 mental predictions were made before prompts, increasing to 17.65 total comments and 6.58 mental comments after prompts. Prompts within the mind-mindedness task resulted in 42 participants making at least one mental prediction (M = 6.58). Our findings provide the first evidence for a relationship between MFA and antenatal mind-mindedness, and highlight the importance of considering mind-mindedness during pregnancy in the developing bond from mother to baby.

Effects of non-supervised aerobic exercise on sleep quality and maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women: A randomized controlled trial

ObjectivesThis study was designed to evaluate the effect in pregnant women of a non-supervised aerobic exercise intervention on sleep quality and maternal-fetal attachment. DesignPretest-posttest randomized controlled trial. SettingPrenatal clinic of a medical center in southern Taiwan. ParticipantsOne hundred and forty eligible, pregnant women were assigned systematically, at a random starting point, to either the experimental group (n = 70) or the control group (n = 70). InterventionParticipants in the experimental group received a 20-minute, low-impact aerobic exercise video on DVD and were instructed to exercise at home at least three times per week for a period of three months. Participants in the control group received routine prenatal care only. Main outcome measuresThe Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Modified Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale were used to assess outcome measures before the intervention and at four and 12-weeks post-intervention. ResultsThe paired-sample t-tests revealed a significant improvement in sleep quality in the experimental group at 4-weeks posttest, which persisted through 12-weeks posttest. In addition, the experimental group reported a significantly higher mean score for maternal-fetal attachment at 4-weeks posttest than the control group. ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that performing aerobic exercise ameliorates the decline in sleep quality and improves maternal-fetal attachment in women who are pregnant. These findings may be used to encourage pregnant women to regularly perform low-impact aerobic exercise.

Is maternal exposure to childhood trauma associated with maternal-fetal attachment?

Adults with childhood maltreatment history can face a difficult experience in transitioning to parenthood. Women with a history of emotional neglect in childhood tend to experience problematic attachment. The study's aim was to evaluate the relationship between childhood trauma and maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women in a population-based study in Southern Brazil. This is a longitudinal study with pregnant women who were interviewed in two moments: before 24-weeks of pregnancy and 60 days after the first interview. We used the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale. The mean of maternal-fetal attachment in the general sample was 99.8 (± 10.8). The mean of emotional neglect was 8.9 (± 4.7); physical neglect 6.7 (± 2.8); sexual abuse 5.9 (± 3.0); physical abuse 6.8 (± 3.1) and emotional abuse 8.0 (± 4.1). After adjusted analysis, we found that pregnant women who suffered emotional neglect had 0.4 points less on the average on the maternal-fetal attachment, β = -0.4, CI 95% [-0.6, -0.2], and pregnant women who suffered emotional abuse had 0.2 points less on the average on the maternal-fetal attachment, β = -0.2, CI 95% [-0.5, -0.0]. Only emotional neglect and emotional abuse were associated with maternal-fetal attachment. This study showed that a history of childhood trauma can have a negative impact during the prenatal period, and can impair maternal-fetal attachment. The data found can assist health professionals in identifying factors that can protect and contribute to pregnant women who were victims of childhood trauma to face the transition to parenthood in the best possible way.

Evaluation of Effectiveness Midwifery Counseling with Cognitive-Behavioral Approach to Maternal-Fetal Attachment in Pregnant Women with Unwanted Pregnancy

Evaluation of Effectiveness Midwifery Counseling with Cognitive-Behavioral Approach to Maternal-Fetal Attachment in Pregnant Women with Unwanted Pregnancy

FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP MATERNAL - FETAL ATTACHMENT

Background: Pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum is a transition period for a woman and is a complex life event that affects the biological, psychological, and social life experienced by the mother. Therefore the need to cultivate an inner bond between mother and baby or known as maternal fetal attachment (MFA).&#x0D; Objective: Aim of this study was to find factors that influence MFA in pregnant women.&#x0D; Methods: cross sectional study. The study was conducted at PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.  Population is  pregnant women routine ANC visits at the obstetric clinic. 100 respondents determined by the method of consecutive sampling. Inclusion criteria of pregnant women with a gestational age of 20-38 weeks, do not have high risk of pregnancy, no complications in pregnancy, and willing to become respondents. Exclusion criteria mothers who were not willing to become respondents. Data collection used a questionnaire consisting of basic data questionnaires for pregnant women, Socio demographic data, reproductive history, Pregnancy, PAI  questionnaire , SSQ questionnaire.&#x0D; Results: The planned pregnancy had an effect on the MFA with indigo p &lt;0.05 OR 6, 44 which means that the planned pregnancy had an effect of 6.44 times on the MFA score. while age, education, parity, occupation has no effect on the MFA score&#x0D; Conclusion: Planed pregnacy had an effect on MFA score in PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

The Effect of a Supportive-Educational Intervention on Maternal-Fetal Attachment of Pregnant Women Facing Domestic Violence: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundOne of the consequences of violence during pregnancy is impaired mother-fetus attachment.ObjectivesThe present study aimed at determining the effect of supportive-educational intervention on maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women facing domestic violence.MethodsThe current study was conducted on 100 pregnant women subjected to domestic violence by their husbands. The subjects were selected using convenience sampling method and were randomized to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received four sessions of individual supportive-educational intervention, while the control group were provided with routine care during the same period. Data were collected using the Cranley maternal- fetal attachment scale in the two groups and analyzed by statistical tests eight weeks after the intervention.ResultsAfter the intervention, the mean maternal-fetal attachment score was significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group (80.36 ± 6.75 vs. 65.50 ± 6.78; P = 0.0001).ConclusionsThe study results showed that supportive-educational intervention was effective in promoting maternal-fetal attachment. Therefore, it was recommended that such interventions be integrated in the prenatal care programs of pregnant women facing domestic violence.

[Correlations among Perceptions and Practice of Taegyo and Maternal-Fetal Attachment in Pregnant Women].

This study was conducted to examine the relationships among the perceptions and practice of taegyo (a traditional set of practices and beliefs related to healthy fetal development) and maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women. The participants were 136 pregnant women who visited a public health center or maternity hospital for prenatal care. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of varience, and Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS version 22.0. The mean age of the pregnant women was 32.24±3.99 years. The mean scores for perceptions of taegyo, practice of taegyo, and maternal-fetal attachment were 3.96±0.53, 3.74±0.64, and 3.94±0.49, respectively. Perceptions of taegyo were significantly correlated with the practice of taegyo (r=.72, p<.001), and maternal-fetal attachment (r=.55, p<.001). A significant correlation was also found between the practice of taegyo and maternal-fetal attachment (r=.65, p<.001). Perceptions of taegyo affected the practice of taegyo, and had a positive effect on maternal-fetal attachment. These findings suggest that primary care nurses at hospitals and public health centers should provide nursing intervention programs to improve the perceptions of taegyo, the practice of taegyo, and maternal-fetal attachment.

Variance of Maternal-Fetal Attachment in Pregnant Women Based on Personality Traits

BackgroundMaternal-fetal attachment (MFA) is the first relationship between a mother and her child, which generally begins during pregnancy. The maternal psychological state affects fetal growth and health. MFA is associated with the mental and psychological condition in pregnant women.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was the estimation of the variance of MFA, according to the personality traits in pregnancy.MethodsUsing a descriptive correlational study design, we studied pregnant women who were more than 24 weeks pregnant and were referring to the obstetric ward of the Kowsar Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, during May to June 2015. The sample size was estimated to be 200 women by Morgan’s table. A total of 29 participants were removed due to incomplete questionnaires, and 171 participants were selected. Data collection tools included demographic obstetric questionnaires, including obstetric information and demographic data, Cranly’s MFA scale, and NEO personality scale. Data were analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression, by using SPSS version 16.ResultsFindings from data analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between components of NEO personality with maternal-fetal attachment. Extroversion index (P < 0.001, R = -0.51) had the most significant relationship with MFA. Almost 33% of the variance in maternal-fetal attachment was predicted by personality trait. The extraversion (β = 0.48, P < 0.001) is the highest level of prediction. Neuroticism (β = 0.175), openness to experience (β = 0.131) and conscientiousness (β = 0.237), predicted the maternal-fetal attachment positively. Agreeableness (β = -0.026) was not predicted in the maternal-fetal attachment. In demographic variables, they were not predicted of MFA. There was a significant correlation between parity and maternal-fetal attachment (R = 0.190, P = 0.013).ConclusionsPersonality traits (except agreeableness) predict MFA for pregnant women. In addition, the psychological health of the mother and baby can be improved by identifying mothers based on personality traits, and therefore, by promoting behavioral attachment, health care providers should identify mothers who need additional psychological support during their pregnancy.

Impact of Anxiety, Social Support, and Taegyo Practice on Maternal-Fetal Attachment in Pregnant Women Having an Abortion.

The purpose of the study was to identify effects of anxiety, social support, and Taegyo practice toward maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women having an abortion. METHOD: Participants included 99 pregnant women having an abortion, who participated in this study. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression with the SPSS WIN 23.0 program. Maternal-fetal attachment was significantly negatively correlated with anxiety, and significantly positively correlated with social support and Taegyo practice. Spousal support and Taegyo practice, explained 43.8% of participants' maternal-fetal attachment. Results indicate that less anxiety and more social support, and Taegyo practice in pregnant women having an abortion, were associated with stronger maternal-fetal attachment. To strengthen the maternal-fetal attachment of pregnant women having an abortion experience, it would be necessary to develop and implement the Taegyo program, focusing on practicing Taegyo-related encouragement. Additionally, it is recommended that nursing intervention is provided, to encourage families to participate in the Taegyo practice together throughout the gestational period, and to maintain a positive relationship among partners.

A study on maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women undergoing fetal echocardiography

Purpose: To investigate the possible effects of the fetal echocardiography experience on the prenatal attachment process. The predictive effect of specific women’s psychological variables will be explored as well. Design and methods: This between groups study involved 85 women with pregnancy at risk who underwent the fetal echocardiography, and 83 women who were about to undergo the morphological scan. The tools employed were: the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (P.A.I.) to explore the maternal-fetal attachment; the Maternity Social Support Scale to investigate the woman perception of being socially supported during pregnancy; both the Big Five Questionnaire and the FACES III to explore the personality traits of pregnant women and their perception of their couple relationship functioning. Findings: The outcomes of ANOVA do not show statistically significant differences between the two groups of the mothers-to-be with regard to the scores of the P.A.I. (F = .017; p = .897; η 2 = .000), while the regression analysis of the possible effect of the maternal psychological variables on the mother-fetus relationship shows a statistically significant result only with regard to the “social support” variable (r 2 = .061; df = 80; p = .025). Conclusions: It would seem that the process of the prenatal attachment develops independently whether the woman has to undergo a first level screening or a second level examination such as the fetal echocardiography.

The Effects of Pregnancy-Adaptation Training on Maternal-Fetal Attachment and Adaptation in Pregnant Women With a History of Baby Loss.

BackgroundStudies have shown that educating mothers can improve their adaptation to pregnancy and motherhood roles. There are also studies that have investigated the effects of certain interventions on maternal-fetal attachment. However, studies on the effects of maternal adaptation training on maternal-fetal attachment in mothers with a history of fetal or baby loss are rare.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of a pregnancy adaptation training package on maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women with a history of baby loss.Patients and MethodsThis quasi-experimental study was conducted on 60 pregnant women with previous fetal or neonatal death in 2014. The women were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30). The pregnant women in the experimental group received routine prenatal education in addition to four sessions of a pregnancy adaption training package. The control group received only routine prenatal education. The data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Cranley’s maternal-fetal attachment scale, and a prenatal self-evaluation questionnaire at the beginning and at the end of the study. The data analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon, chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and spearman correlation coefficient tests.ResultsBefore the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences between the study and control groups in terms of maternal-fetal attachment (P = 0.280) and adaptation to pregnancy (P = 0.883). However, following the intervention, the mean score of the maternal-fetal attachment was significantly higher in the experimental group, when compared with the control (77.57 ± 7.23 vs. 61.53 ± 2.62; P = 0.001). In addition, the mean post-intervention adaptation to pregnancy score was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (118.89 ± 8.12 vs. 126.38 ± 4.17; P = 0.001).ConclusionsThe pregnancy adaptation training package increased the adaptation and maternal-fetal attachment scores in pregnant women with a history of baby loss.

Music Therapy on Anxiety, Stress and Maternal-fetal Attachment in Pregnant Women During Transvaginal Ultrasound

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of music therapy on anxiety, stress and maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women during a transvaginal ultrasound. This study was a nonequivalent control group nonsynchronized design. Pregnant women (n =232) were assigned to experimental (n= 117) and control (n =116) groups respectively. The data were collected from August 2 to 27, 2010. The experimental group received general prenatal care and single 30-minute session of music therapy, while the control group received only general prenatal care. Anxiety, stress, and maternal-fetal attachment was assessed using three self-report measures by State scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (1976), Pregnant women's stress scale of Ahn (1984) and Cranley's (1981) maternal-fetal attachment scale. The music therapy group showed statistically significant decrease in anxiety compared to control group but no significant difference was identified in stress and maternal-fetal attachment. The finding provides evidence for use of nursing intervention in prenatal care unit to reduce pregnant women's anxiety. Further research is necessary to test the benefits of music therapy with different frequency and duration.

Maternal-Fetal Attachment in Pregnant Women Who Use Illicit Drugs

To explore cognitive, affective, and altruistic dimensions of maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women who use illicit drugs. Content analysis with deductive and inductive coding methods was used to uncover common themes in each dimension of attachment. A prenatal clinic of a tertiary medical center in the northeastern United States. Forty pregnant women. Inclusion criteria were the following: used illicit drugs after the last menstrual period, had felt fetal movement, and could read and speak English. Women in methadone treatment programs were excluded. Knowing the baby's characteristics and health through fetal movement, acknowledging the fetus as an individual with physical and emotional functions, and knowing the baby by relating the fetus to self and family members are the three major themes in cognitive attachment. Themes in affective attachment include mixing strong affection with guilt and viewing fetal movement as visual and tactile enjoyment but also discomfort. Common themes with conflicting feelings were salient in altruistic attachment, including feeling uncomfortable versus feeling worthwhile, viewing being pregnant as an incentive for lifestyle changes, battling with substance use and concern for fetal health, and alternating between uncertainty and hope in preparing for the baby's arrival. Maternal-fetal attachment is not a phenomenon that is present or absent, but a struggle manifested by guilt, concern, and uncertainty. Without proper treatment and counseling, many women struggle between illicit drug use and development of maternal-fetal attachment.

Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Maternal–Fetal Attachment in Gestational Diabetes

ABSTRACT Objective: To answer the question, Is a high-risk pregnancy diagnosis such as gestational diabetes associated with depressive symptoms or altered maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women? Design: The Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Cranley Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale were administered to 30 pregnant women with gestational diabetes. These scores were compared with scores for two control groups: a high-risk control group consisting of 30 pregnant women at risk for preterm delivery, and a control group of 30 women with uncomplicated pregnancies. Results: Fifty-six percent of the gestational diabetic women had scores indicating depressive symptoms, as did 70% of the prematurity controls and 33.3% of the low-risk controls. These differences were not statistically significant. There were no differences in the scores from the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale among the three groups. Conclusion: There is a high frequency of depressive symptoms in the inner-city pr...